The Footprints of God in Africa

Celebrating One Year of Pope Leo’s Transformation of the Church: Lessons for Africa

In the first year of his pontificate, Pope Leo is quietly transforming the Church through a transformation of the papacy itself. His recent Apostolic Visit to Africa offered him the stage to bring together, in an illuminating and effective way, the priorities of his papacy. The practical manifesto of the Leonine papacy as a courageous pursuit of peace, healing for a divided world and a divided Church, reverence for the Church’s traditions, and love for those at the existential peripheries of life was on full display during his trip to Africa. Africa became the stage upon which Pope Leo revealed his understanding of the papacy’s role today and his effective use of the papal pulpit for proclaiming a prophetic theology: a battle cry for the recovery of a moral vision and a social ethic of care, recognition, reconciliation, and community; a spiritual proclamation in a fractured world yearning for moral clarity, justice, solidarity, and hope. His African visit presents five defining messages that together form a coherent vision of Pope Leo’s leadership style, pastoral agenda, and clear articulation and embodiment of the global mission of the Church amid the complexities of our time. The Five Messages from Africa: A Practical Manifesto Pope Leo, in his reflection during the first General Audience after his visit to Africa, spoke first of listening to Africa. He noted that his visit helped to make “the voices of Africa heard,” even as the continent offered him “an inestimable treasure” for his heart and ministry. This mutual exchange reflects his agenda for a synodal Church that listens before it speaks, a Church that receives before it gives. It points to his determination to expand the spaces for dialogue and encounter in the Catholic Church for all people, and to place Africa at the center of his papacy, rather than at the peripheries where it is often confined in global politics and ecclesial imagination. In this, one hears a direct echo of Gaudium et Spes, which calls the Church to read the signs of the times not from above history, but from within it, attentive to the joys and sorrows of the people of God, especially the poor and the forgotten. Pope Leo signals, in his first major teaching, Dilexi Te, that the plight of the poor should be at the center of the Church’s mission. He warns against revictimizing the poor by blaming them for their own misfortune and suffering and instead insists that society must confront the structural causes of poverty. For him, the beginning of justice is listening to people experiencing poverty and walking with them in solidarity, recognizing their agency rather than dismissing them as burdens. Second, the Pope’s journey to Africa was marked by an unmistakable commitment to peace in a fractured world. This has been his signature papal message. Vatican News reports that, in the first year of his papacy, Leo has used the word ‘peace’ more than 400 times in his speeches. He described his visit to Africa as a proclamation “of peace at a time in history marked by wars and serious and frequent violations of international law.” In Africa, as in many parts of the world, violence has become commonplace and relates not only to war, conflicts, and civil strife, but also to structural, economic, and political violence. “Pope Leo’s insistence on peace situates his papacy within the Church’s mission of proclaiming the peace of the Lord Jesus Christ to all men and women of goodwill, as well as within a broader call to renew international co-operation and global solidarity at a time when both are under severe strain.?” — Stan Chu Ilo Third, Pope Leo highlighted what he called the joyful faith and resilient hope of African peoples. Even amid hardship, he encountered communities whose faith is not diminished by suffering but deepened through it. But he notes in both Angola and Equatorial Guinea that this faith should not be manipulative through superstitious beliefs and other forms of religious enchantment. On the contrary, faith in the Lord, embracing the Gospel message, and entry into the Church should be a resource for healing, liberating people, and promoting human flourishing. Everywhere he went during his pilgrimage, he affirmed the dignity, resilience, joy, and hope of Africans. In his vision, people experiencing poverty are not objects of compassion, nor should they be condemned and abandoned as the authors of their own misfortune. They are subjects of history. For a world increasingly marked by despair, Africa becomes not a problem to be solved but a witness to be received and a treasure to be harvested for the good of its peoples. “Faith, for Pope Leo, is a principle of joy, but that joy must be grounded in both a person’s encounter with the Lord in the intimacy of the heart and the experience of abundant life in just communities ordered by love and actively promoting the common good for all. ” — Stan Chu Ilo Fourth, the Pope spoke candidly of Africa as a land “thirsting and hungry for justice and peace.” Yet he was equally clear that these cannot be realized without concrete political and economic reform and transformation. Love, in his vision, must become a force for social restoration. Here, his Augustinian roots are evident, as in Augustine, God is closer to the human person than we are to ourselves. Thus, social or ecclesial transformation must begin with the inner transformation of the heart from all forms of idolatry and power to dominate, and from an exaggerated love of the self to the forgetfulness of God and others. The same is also true of peace. Peace must be unarmed and begins with disarming the heart and our words because peace proceeds from “an interior movement” and then flows outward. Pope Leo called for good governance and a collective commitment to “promoting integral and sustainable development,” while urging the global community to counter “the various forms of neo-colonialism with far-sighted international cooperation.” He moves beyond vague appeals and names

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Which Way Nigerian Catholics? Can the Church Lead a Nation in Crisis?

At one of the lowest moments in Nigeria’s history in 1984, when the country faced political instability, economic hardship, and corruption under an oppressive military government, the famed Nigerian musician, Sonny Okosun, sang that iconic protest song, “Which way Nigeria?” asking us Nigerians to reflect on which way Nigeria is heading. Today, that question has become more pressing because the condition of life has become more depressing for the masses of our people. And for me, the Catholic Church in Nigeria is one institution that can help effect an urgent course correction for Nigeria. However, it must also answer the fundamental question: which way for Nigerian Catholics? In other words, are we as a Church capable of leading the country in a different direction, or are we unthinkingly following this precipitous path with the rest of the country into the valley of darkness? Is the Catholic Church in Nigeria led by Catholic doctrine, by Catholic Social Teaching, by Catholic liturgical tradition, by the Catholic intellectual tradition, and by her time-tested principles on the relationship between the Church and the state? Or are Nigerian Catholics heedlessly following the dysfunctional values of a blind and selfish political class, whose extractive appetite has stripped the nation of its material and natural resources, impoverished our citizens, and nailed God’s people to a permanent cross of pain and misery? “And for me, the Catholic Church in Nigeria is one institution that can help effect an urgent course correction for Nigeria. However, it must also answer the fundamental question: which way for Nigerian Catholics?” — Stan Chu Ilo Many Nigerians are watching helplessly as an irresponsible and insensitive political class ravages their beautiful nation. Most Nigerians have disengaged from the political process, and others have sought refuge in different forms of religiosity and religious enchantment as a coping strategy, hoping in God, who, they believe, cannot fail them when everything around them shows signs of instability and decay. Other Nigerians put their hope in a sudden emergence of a saviour, perhaps Peter Obi or any other putative messiah, to rewrite our broken history and heal our wounded land. Yet others, surprisingly, put their hope in external agents, such as Trump, for redemption and liberation. Wherever anyone stands as a Nigerian citizen today, the reality that faces us is shocking and worrisome: how do we unmake the current Nigerian state; how do we radically reform our institutions; how do we cleanse our polluting ethical and social norms, and develop the virtues and practices of an inclusive state that is governed by civic and ethical culture that are transformative and generative of life and social transformation for everyone. The current state of Nigeria continues to shock the conscience as to how a greatly blessed nation with the most extraordinarily gifted citizens can be so poor, so unsafe, and so hopeless because a few thin top layers of religious and political elites have held the country in an internal perpetual bondage for decades now. Nigeria today stands as a troubling paradox of immense potential weighed down by deep structural crises that touch nearly every dimension of our national life. With an unemployment rate hovering around 22.6% and inflation exceeding 30% in recent years, millions of our people are pushed into precarity, reflected in the reality that roughly one-third of the population survives on less than $2.15 a day. This unacceptable manufactured economic fragility is compounded by systemic corruption and patron-client relations between those in power and Nigerian citizens, through an unethical governance structure that has become a transactional cesspool of impunity operated by rogues dressed in agbada, whose extractive leadership is all about the politics of the stomach;emi lókàn—(it is my turn to chop the national cake). According to Transparency International, Nigeria scores just 26 out of 100, ranking about 140th out of 180 countries, a stark indicator of weak institutions and compromised governance. “How do we unmake the current Nigerian state; how do we radically reform our institutions; how do we cleanse our polluting ethical and social norms and develop the virtues and practices of an inclusive state that is governed by civic and ethical culture that are transformative and generative of life and social transformation for everyone.” — Stan Chu Ilo  Insecurity has further eroded public confidence and daily life; the U.S. Department of State maintains a Level 3 travel advisory for Nigeria, with several regions designated “Do Not Travel” due to terrorism, kidnapping, and armed violence, conditions that have normalized fear as part of everyday existence and weakened national and international trade and movements of peoples severely hampering productivity, social innovation, and social connectivity for business and collaborative partnerships. At the same time, Nigeria hemorrhages its most vital resource: more than 100,000 barrels of oil are stolen daily, translating into billions in annual losses in a sector that should anchor national prosperity. Even in moments of global opportunity, such as price spikes linked to conflicts in the Gulf, Nigeria struggles to benefit meaningfully because production shortfalls, subsidy burdens, and theft by conscienceless gatekeepers of our oil wealth offset potential gains. This is not new but part of a troubling continuity. The $12.4 billion Gulf War windfall of 1990, effectively embezzled under the Ibrahim Babangida regime, set a pattern of opaque management of extraordinary oil revenues. The Okigbo Panel noted that this sum alone could have provided water, electricity, and nationwide road and rail links, yet no one was held accountable. Today, a similar dynamic persists: windfall gains from global price shocks remain insufficiently accounted for, while leakages through theft and mismanagement continue, even as Nigeria accumulates rising debt at both federal and state levels despite vast oil earnings. “Nigeria hemorrhages its most vital resource: more than 100,000 barrels of oil are stolen daily, translating into billions in annual losses… Nigeria struggles to benefit meaningfully… ” — Stan Chu Ilo The human cost of this systemic dysfunction is stark. Life expectancy remains low at about 54 to 55 years. In contrast, the disease burden—measured in DALYs—remains

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